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INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

早前有ESG(環境、社會及管治)評級公司把騰訊(0700)的ESG評級下調,及後有40多家歐洲基金因而在相若時間賣出騰訊於香港上市的股票,涉及高達90億元,實在不容小覷。如同樣事情發生在房地產上市公司身上,後果不堪設想,因為房地產投資項目的借貸資金和入賬期一般較資訊科技投資來得集中和延後。


「被評公司」透明度趨增加

根據香港聯交所《上市規則》現行要求,上市公司須將ESG披露報告跟公司年報同一時間公布,而聯交所最新的整體ESG披露審閱說明亦取得良好進展。


至於提供ESG評級分析的公司,當中歷史悠久的包括:MSCI、Sustainalytics、ISS、FTSE Russell、Refinitiv、Vigeo Eiris、Bloomberg、S&P Global(以收購RobecoSAM的ESG業務形式出現),以機器學習和人工智能作推廣的有Clarity AI,無論它們的考慮因素如何分項分析,評級方向大致可分為:(一)根據被評公司主動披露的官方資料;或(二)根據有公信力的新聞報道消息及評論。現階段分析發現運用前者的評級公司通常透過被評公司增加披露而改善其評級,而後者則以不同事件發生、市場評論及被評公司回應或處理手法作分析。


《哈佛商業評論》及麻省理工學院都有文章指出雖然ESG評級公司激增,但評級的可靠程度未有相應提升。這是因為評級本身存在分析資料來源及其原生程度問題,而且不同評級公司所考慮的資料的廣度和深度及分析方法都存在差異分歧。導致這個分歧的其中一個原因就是沒有足夠透明度去方便公眾監督。


「評級公司」透明度存不足

上述評級公司除了一間特設把每間被評公司涉及考慮的基礎資料供免費瀏覽評級入門網站外,其他評級公司皆只在網站提供搜尋單一公司功能,讓瀏覽者逐一查閱,甚或基於商業考慮,只讓瀏覽者自行聯絡索取樣本報告。


筆者在這些評級網站中,找出它們皆有納入分析的中國內地及香港房地產公司,發現為數不多。中國內地公司約有70多間,而香港的公司約30間,比對它們評級的關連系數(Correlation Coefficient),發現以等級評價(A、B+/-、BB、CCC等方式)的平台有70%-80%趨同,而以分數評級的平台之間最高的只有20%趨同,算是「南轅北轍」。


聯合國及多國的ESG評級監督機構仍在致力促使評級趨同。歸根究底,ESG披露其中一個要點就是透明度,「被評公司」跟上了,那麼「評級公司」呢?



作者:譚善恆先生, 認可ESG策劃師, ICSD

UK ESG Watch: Who killed the ESG party?


It's time to reflect on the current ESG mega trend all over the world. Actually, the ANTI-ESG movement has already been around in the U.S. (most serious) and the U.K. (and some other western countries to a lesser extent). The popularity of ESG investment dropped significantly in the past two years. Recently, Financial Times launched a short video "Who killed the ESG party?", which raised many people's alert of the issues of greenwashing, freedom of choice and ESG rating, especially in ESG investment. Please view the video:


In a nutshell, people started to question:

  • Does ESG enhance return? Not necessarily, while it may only lower the risks. In the past two years, most of the ESG investments lagged behind the sin stock - oil companies - because of the Ukraine war that made the energy price go up.

  • Many controversial incidents in the ESG investment sector, e.g. the whistleblower: Desiree Fixler at DWS, Deutsche Bank and the bold comments made by Stuart Kirk at HSBC Asset Management.

  • Investment with ESG principles may infringe people's freedom of choice, who has the right to judge one's value system?

  • Last but not least, ESG ratings are criticised of lacking objective standards and not able to spot the greenwashing, etc.


The ESG party is over? The ESG party may be over, but ESG is not! It's time for us to reflect, figure out the loopholes of ESG investment and fix them.


Sometimes, doing good, may not be doing well. Do you have the faith and courage to sacrifice the short-term personal benefit for the longer-term common good? Anti-ESG may be a push for a more healthy development of ESG in the future.

2024年7月30日ICSD為香港房屋協會舉辦有關CEPAR® model的網上講座



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